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Life expectancy Infant Child mortality rate
at birth (years), mortality Year Male Female
1995-2000 rate,
Male Female 1995-2000Afghanistan 45.0 46.0 151 ... ... ... Albania 69.9 75.9 30 ... ... ... Algeria 67.5 70.3 44 ... ... ... American Samoa 68.0 a 73.0 a 11 b ... ... ... Andorra ... ... 1 ee 1994 0.6 c 0.6 c Angola 44.9 48.1 125 ... ... ... Antigua and Barbuda ... ... 17 d ... ... ... Argentina 69.6 76.8 22 1995 5.5 c 4.5 c Armenia 67.2 73.6 26 1992 1.3 e 1.2 e Australia 75.5 81.1 6 1995 0.4 f 0.3 f Austria 73.7 80.2 6 1996 0.3 0.2 Azerbaijan 65.5 74.1 36 ... ... ... Bahamas 70.5 77.1 15 1994 1.4 g 0.9 g Bahrain 71.1 75.3 16 1995 4.4 c 4.1 c Bangladesh 58.1 58.2 79 1986 43.1 c 41.1 c Barbados 73.7 78.7 12 1988 0.5 f g 0.5 f g Belarus 62.2 73.9 23 1996 0.9 e 0.7 e Belgium 73.8 80.6 7 ... ... ... Belize 73.4 76.1 29 ... ... ... Benin 51.7 55.2 88 ... ... ... Bermuda 71.1 ii 77.8 ii 4 o ... ... ... Bhutan 59.5 62.0 63 ... ... ... Bolivia 59.8 63.2 66 ... ... ... Bosnia and Herzegovina 70.5 75.9 15 ... ... ... Botswana 46.2 48.4 58 ... ... ... Brazil 63.1 71.0 42 1994 1.3 h 1.1 h Brunei Darussalam 73.4 78.1 10 ... ... ... Bulgaria 67.6 74.7 17 1995 1.0 0.8 Burkina Faso 43.6 45.2 99 ... ... ... Burundi 41.0 43.8 119 ... ... ... Cambodia 51.5 55.0 103 ... ... ... Cameroon 53.4 56.0 74 ... ... ... Canada 76.1 81.8 6 1995 0.3 0.2 Cape Verde 65.5 71.3 56 1990 3.4 3.4 Central African Rep. 42.9 46.9 98 1988 14.9 12.8 Chad 45.7 48.7 112 ... ... ... Chile 72.3 78.3 13 1996 2.8 c 2.2 c China i 67.9 72.0 41 ... ... ... Hong Kong SAR 75.8 81.4 6 1996 0.2 0.2 g Colombia 67.3 74.3 30 1994 4.2 f j 3.3 f j Comoros 57.4 60.2 76 ... ... ... Congo 48.3 50.8 90 ... ... ... Cook Islands 67.0 k 73.0 k 21 jj ... ... ... Costa Rica 74.3 78.9 12 1995 4.1 c 3.4 c Côte d'Ivoire 46.1 47.3 87 ... ... ... Croatia 68.8 76.5 10 1996 0.4 0.2 g Cuba 74.2 78.0 9 1995 0.8 0.6 Cyprus 75.5 80.0 8 1996 1.7 c m 1.6 c m Czech Rep. 70.3 77.4 6 1996 0.4 0.3 Dem. Rep. of the Congo 49.2 52.3 90 ... ... ... Denmark 73.0 78.3 7 1995 0.4 n 0.2 n Djibouti 48.7 52.0 106 ... ... ... Dominica ... ... 16 o ... ... ... Dominican Republic 68.9 73.1 34 ... ... ... East Timor 46.6 48.4 135 ... ... ... Ecuador 67.3 72.5 46 1996 2.1 p 1.9 p Egypt 64.7 67.9 51 1990 4.3 4.7 El Salvador 66.5 72.5 32 1992 1.4 1.3 Equatorial Guinea 48.4 51.6 108 ... ... ... Eritrea 49.3 52.4 91 ... ... ... Estonia 63.0 74.5 19 1995 1.3 e 0.8 e g Ethiopia 42.4 44.3 115 ... ... ... Fiji 70.6 74.9 20 1987 1.1 f 0.8 f Finland 72.9 80.6 6 1996 0.2 g 0.2 g France 74.2 82.0 6 1993 0.4 q 0.3 q French Guiana ... ... 22 r s ... ... ... French Polynesia 69.3 74.6 11 ... ... ... Gabon 51.1 53.8 87 ... ... ... Gambia 45.4 48.6 122 ... ... ... Georgia 68.5 76.8 19 ... ... ... Germany 73.9 80.2 5 1996 0.3 0.3 Ghana 58.3 61.8 66 ... ... ... Greece 75.6 80.6 8 1995 0.2 0.2 Grenada ... ... 14 o ... ... ... Guadaloupe 73.6 80.9 9 1985 4.8 c s 4.2 c s Guam 72.9 77.4 10 ... ... ... Guatemala 61.4 67.2 46 1985 22.2 c 20.1 c Guinea 46.0 47.0 124 ... ... ... Guinea-Bissau 43.5 46.4 130 ... ... ... Guyana 61.1 67.9 58 ... ... ... Haiti 51.4 56.2 68 ... ... ... Honduras 67.5 72.3 35 ... ... ... Hungary 66.8 74.9 10 1996 0.4 0.4 Iceland 76.8 81.3 5 1996 0.1 g 0.3 g India 62.3 62.9 72 ... ... ... Indonesia 63.3 67.0 48 ... ... ... Iran (Islamic Rep. of) 68.5 70.0 35 1991 5.1 3.9 Iraq 60.9 63.9 95 1988 5.7 c 4.4 c Ireland 73.6 79.2 7 1995 0.3 f t 0.3 f t Israel 75.7 79.7 8 1995 0.4 u 0.4 u Italy 75.0 81.2 7 1994 0.3 0.3 Jamaica 72.9 76.8 22 1991 1.3 f 1.0 f Japan 76.8 82.9 4 1996 0.4 v 0.3 v Jordan 68.9 71.5 26 ... ... ... Kazakhstan 62.8 72.4 35 1996 2.2 e 1.7 e Kenya 51.1 53.0 66 ... ... ... Kiribati 58.0 l 63.0 l 65 l ... ... ... Korea, Dem. People's Rep 68.9 75.1 22 1993 5.6 c 5.1 c Korea, Republic of 68.8 76.0 10 1995 0.7 w x 0.6 w x Kuwait 74.1 78.2 12 1996 3.4 c 3.1 c Kyrgyzstan 63.3 71.9 40 1995 3.3 e 3.2 e Lao People's Dem. Rep. 52.0 54.5 93 ... ... ... Latvia 62.4 74.4 18 1996 1.1 e 0.7 e Lebanon 68.1 71.7 29 ... ... ... Lesotho 54.7 57.3 93 ... ... ... Liberia 46.1 48.5 116 ... ... ... Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 68.3 72.2 28 ... ... ... Liechtenstein 66.1 y 72.9 y 18 ee ... ... ... Lithuania 64.3 75.6 21 1996 0.5 e 0.7 e Luxembourg 73.3 79.9 7 1996 0.4 g 0.6 g Macau 75.1 80.1 10 1996 1.1 g z 1.4 g z Madagascar 56.0 59.0 82 ... ... ... Malawi 38.9 39.6 138 ... ... ... Malaysia 69.9 74.3 11 1996 0.8 0.6 Maldives 65.7 63.3 50 1993 9.4 c 8.9 c Mali 52.0 54.6 118 1987 41.5 c aa 35.7 c aa Malta 74.9 79.3 8 1996 2.1 c g 2.7 c Marshall Islands 59.1 bb 63.0 bb 30 ee 1995 3.2 c g 2.8 c g Martinique 75.5 82.0 7 1992 1.8 c g s 1.4 c g s Mauritania 51.9 55.1 92 ... ... ... Mauritius 67.9 75.1 15 1996 0.5 f g 0.5 f g Mexico 69.5 75.5 31 1995 5.8 c 4.7 c Micronesia, Fed. States of 64.4 cc 68.8 cc 20 d ... ... ... Mongolia 64.4 67.3 51 ... ... ... Morocco 64.8 68.5 51 1995 5.2 c 4.5 c Mozambique 43.9 46.6 114 ... ... ... Myanmar 58.5 61.8 79 ... ... ... Namibia 51.8 53.0 65 ... ... ... Nepal 57.6 57.1 83 ... ... ... Netherlands 75.0 80.7 6 1996 0.3 0.3 Netherlands Antilles 72.5 78.4 14 1992 0.9 g 0.6 g New Caledonia 69.2 76.3 11 1994 1.3 g 1.4 g New Zealand 74.1 79.7 7 1992 0.5 f 0.4 f Nicaragua 65.8 70.6 43 ... ... ... Niger 46.9 50.1 115 ... ... ... Nigeria 48.7 51.5 81 ... ... ... Norway 75.2 81.1 5 1996 0.4 0.2 g Occpd. Palestinian Ter. KK 69.3 73.3 24 ... ... ... Oman 68.9 73.3 25 ... ... ... Pakistan 62.9 65.1 74 ... ... ... Palau 65.0 l 69.0 l 28 dd ... ... ... Panama 71.8 76.4 21 1995 4.7 c 4.0 c Papua New Guinea 57.2 58.7 61 ... ... ... Paraguay 67.5 72.0 39 1992 0.7 0.6 Peru 65.9 70.9 45 1985 10.8 c f h 9.9 c f h Philippines 66.5 70.2 35 1991 2.8 f 2.5 f Poland 68.2 76.9 15 1996 0.5 0.4 Portugal 71.8 78.8 9 1996 0.6 0.5 Puerto Rico 69.4 78.5 12 1996 0.5 0.3 Qatar 70.0 75.4 17 ... ... ... Republic of Moldova 63.5 71.5 29 1992 1.6 e 0.9 e Reunion 70.9 79.8 9 1987 0.6 g s 0.6 g s Romania 66.2 73.9 23 1996 1.3 1.2 Russian Federation 60.6 72.8 18 1995 1.2 e 0.9 e Rwanda 39.4 41.7 124 ... ... ... Saint Kitts and Nevis 67.4 dd 70.4 dd 24 o ... ... ... Saint Lucia 68.0 r 74.8 r 18 d ... ... ... Saint Vincent/Grenadines ... ... 22 jj ... ... ... Samoa 69.3 73.6 23 ... ... ... San Marino 73.2 ff 79.1 ff 11 o ... ... ... Sao Tome and Principe ... ... 51 b ... ... ... Saudi Arabia 69.9 73.4 23 ... ... ... Senegal 50.5 54.2 63 ... ... ... Seychelles 65.3 gg 74.1 gg 7 o ... ... ... Sierra Leone 35.8 38.7 170 ... ... ... Singapore 74.9 79.3 5 1997 1.2 c f hh 0.8 c f hh Slovakia 69.1 76.7 11 1991 0.6 0.5 Slovenia 70.6 78.2 7 1996 0.3 g 0.3 g Solomon Islands 69.6 73.9 23 ... ... ... Somalia 45.4 48.6 122 ... ... ... South Africa 51.5 58.1 59 ... ... ... Spain 74.5 81.5 7 1995 0.4 0.3 Sri Lanka 70.9 75.4 18 1995 3.2 c f 2.8 c f Sudan 53.6 56.4 71 ... ... ... Suriname 67.5 72.7 29 1993 0.8 g 1.6 g Swaziland 57.9 62.5 65 ... ... ... Sweden 76.3 80.8 5 1996 0.2 0.2 Switzerland 75.4 81.8 6 1996 0.3 0.3 Syrian Arab Republic 66.7 71.2 33 ... ... ... Tajikistan 64.2 70.2 57 1993 9.0 e 8.5 e Thailand 65.8 72.0 29 1994 2.2 c f 1.7 c f The FYR of Macedonia 70.9 75.3 23 1992 0.9 0.9 Togo 47.6 50.1 84 ... ... ... Tonga 67.0 r 71.0 r 6 ee ... ... ... Trinidad and Tobago 71.5 76.2 15 1995 0.7 g 0.6 g Tunisia 68.4 70.7 30 1995 5.9 c 4.8 c Turkey 66.5 71.7 45 ... ... ... Turkmenistan 61.9 68.9 55 ... ... ... Uganda 38.9 40.4 107 ... ... ... Ukraine 63.8 73.7 19 1995 1.1 e 0.9 e United Arab Emirates 73.9 76.5 16 ... ... ... United Kingdom 74.5 79.8 7 1996 0.3 0.2 United Rep. of Tanzania 46.8 49.1 81 ... ... ... United States of America 73.4 80.1 7 1995 0.4 0.4 US Virgin Islands ... ... 12 b 1990 1.1 g 0.0 Uruguay 70.4 78.0 18 1990 5.6 c 4.5 c Uzbekistan 64.3 70.7 44 ... ... ... Vanuatu 65.5 69.5 39 ... ... ... Venezuela 70.0 75.7 21 1990 7.0 c h 5.7 c h Viet Nam 64.9 69.6 38 ... ... ... Western Sahara 59.8 63.1 64 ... ... ... Yemen 57.4 58.4 80 ... ... ... Yugoslavia 70.2 75.5 18 1995 0.7 0.6 Zambia 39.5 40.6 82 ... ... ... Zimbabwe 43.6 44.7 69 ... ... ...Sources:
Technical notes:
Life expectancy at birth is an estimate of the expected number of years to be
lived by a female or male newborn, based on current age-specific mortality
rates. Estimates and projections of life expectancy are prepared every two years
by the Population Division of the United Nations Secretariat from data compiled
by the Population Division and Statistics Division from national statistical
sources. As many developing countries lack complete and reliable statistics of
births and deaths based on civil registration, various estimation techniques are
used to calculate life expectancy using sources of data other than civil
registration, mainly population censuses and demographic surveys. Life
expectancy at birth by sex gives a statistical summary of current differences in
male and female mortality across all ages. However, trends and differentials in
infant and child mortality rates are the predominant influence on trends and
differentials in life expectancy at birth in most developing countries. Thus,
life expectancy at birth is of limited usefulness in these countries in
assessing levels and differentials in male and female mortality at other
ages.
Infant mortality rate is the
total number of deaths in a given year of children less than one year old
divided by the total number of live births in the same year, multiplied by
1,000. It is an approximation of the number of deaths per 1,000 children born
alive who die within one year of birth. This series is taken from the estimates
and projections of the Population Division of the United Nations Secretariat,
based on a review of all available national sources. In developing countries
where civil registration data are deficient, the most reliable sources are
demographic surveys of households. Where these are not available, other sources
and general estimates are made which are necessarily of limited reliability.
Where countries lack comprehensive and accurate systems of civil registration,
infant mortality statistics by sex are difficult to collect or to estimate with
any degree of reliability because of reporting biases and thus disaggregation of
infant mortality by sex is not shown here.
Child mortality rate refers to the annual number of deaths in the age
group 1-4 years per 1,000 population in the age group. Most of the data shown
here for this series are those reported by countries from their national civil
registration systems. Some are estimates prepared by national and international
statistical services from population surveys. The completeness and accuracy of
the data which these systems produce vary from one country or area to another.
Information on the completeness of coverage of vital statistics data is provided
in the quarterly publication prepared by the Statistics Division of the United
Nations Secretariat Population and Vital
Statistics Report (Statistical Papers, Series A, United Nations
publication).
Another important limitation of the
series on child mortality is that some countries report mortality for the age
group 0-4 years; these are indicated in the present table by footnotes. These
countries' data are not directly comparable with those of other countries as the
much higher mortality in the first year of life necessarily inflates the
resulting mortality figure in these cases.
Other
factors which hinder comparability of data are differences in the method used to
determine age at death and the quality of information relating to age at death.
For these and other reasons related to deficiencies in data reporting, small
differences between male and female child mortality rates in most developing
regions should not be considered statistically significant in the absence of
corroborating research and analysis.
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